The stimulation of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the ligands for toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4, respectively, are known to decrease HIV-1 infection in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but the mechanism was unclear. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is HIV-1 infection.