GDNF and Parkinson disease: Hernando et al. have showed that GDNF, which promotes the survival, among others, of dopaminergic neurons (cells that die during the course of Parkinson’s disease) can be addressed to the brain after intranasal administration when it is encapsulated in a nanoformulation composed of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) coated with CS and carrying on their surface the cell penetrating peptide TAT (transactivator of transcription) [44].