Further analysis of these long-duration cases showed that syndecan-1 levels were highly significantly elevated at T1 compared with T0 in the control group (3.28 ± 2.84 versus 4.31 ± 3.39, P = 0.003), whereas the increase was still not significant in the UTI group (4.17 ± 3.29 versus 4.51 ± 3.41, P = 0.138) (Figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene SDC1 and bacterial urinary tract infection.