It is especially in pathologic situations such as cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that HSP60 accumulates in the cytosol, and in extramitochondrial sites (Czarnecka et al., 2006; Desmetz et al., 2008; Cappello et al., 2011, 2014; Macario et al., 2013; Wick et al., 2014; Macario and Conway de Macario, 2016; Rahman et al., 2017; van Eden et al., 2017; Calderwood, 2018; Pockley and Henderson, 2018). The gene discussed is HSPD1; the disease is cancer.