TGFB1 and cranioectodermal dysplasia: Patients with CED show a typical uncoupled bone remodeling phenotype, characterized with decreased trabecular connectivity despite normal osteoblast and osteoclast numbers.397,398 The conditioned medium collected from cells expressing the CED mutant TGF-β1 shows significantly increased ratio of active/total TGF-β1, and it hyperactively induces the migration of MSCs.8 However, the targeted recruitment of MSCs to the bone remodeling site is likely disrupted due to loss of the TGF-β gradient.