PDCD1 and renal cell carcinoma: In order to determine what IFN-lambda3 polymorphisms actually mean and how these polymorphisms interact with other factors that influence immunity and/or energy metabolism in RCC patients, we need to study the mechanisms underlying the relationship between IFN-lambda3 polymorphism and tumor sensitivity to VEGF-targeting or PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies and/or overall survival, including immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis, the systemic immune response and cytokine profile, and variation of the tumor response to cytokines associated with different SNPs.