IFNA1 and cancer: The detrimental role of IFNs in cancer progression has not been fully elucidated, but several studies have provided evidence of adaptive resistance through IFN-driven induction of PD-L1, which can trigger immunosuppression by crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells (macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, or even lymphocytes) in the tumor microenvironment [4, 5].