TGFA and tuberculosis: When all host markers were analysed for available sites (n = 251), a four-marker signature comprising unstimulated IFN-γ, unstimulated TGF-α and antigen-specific levels of IL-1ra and MIP-1β diagnosed TB disease with a sensitivity of 70.7% (95% CI, 58.9–80.3%), and specificity of 81.2% (95% CI, 71.9–88.0%) in the training set (n = 176; 75 TB and 101 ORDs), and a sensitivity of 68.8% (95% CI, 50.0–83.3%) and specificity of 76.7% (95% CI, 61.0–87.7%) in the test sample set (n = 75; n = 32 TB and n = 43 ORD).