However, four- and five-marker biosignatures comprising unstimulated levels of IFN-γ, MIP-1β and TGF-α, and the antigen-specific levels of TGF-α, VEGF, IL-1ra and MIP-1β diagnosed TB disease with sensitivity up to 81.3% and specificity up to 82.7%, regardless of HIV infection status, depending on which biomarkers were used in combination but specificity was generally low when biosignatures were optimized for high sensitivity. The gene discussed is TGFA; the disease is HIV infectious disease.