We have demonstrated elevated serum soluble VEGFR-1 and soluble VEGFR-2 levels and remarkably reduced VEGF and placenta growth factor levels in type 2 diabetic patients with CTO and low coronary collateralization [29], indicating a linkage of this negative regulator of angiogenesis to impaired coronary collateral formation. Here, VEGFA is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.