We have also shown that both rats with hepatic encephalopathy and rats with hyperammonemia without liver failure show neuroinflammation, with increased levels of IL-1β and other pro-inflammatory markers, and altered membrane expression of AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2 in hippocampus [7, 28, 31]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Hyperammonemia.