VCAN and infection: Interestingly, we find that inactivation of Wgn encoding the sole tumor necrosis factor receptor in D. melanogaster promotes the survival of larvae in response to infection by axenic S. carpocapsae, suggesting that Jnk signaling, which is involved in several D. melanogaster processes such as stress response, morphogenesis, and wound healing [31,32,33], might also interfere with the D. melanogaster response to certain nematode parasites.