SDC1 and dengue disease: Clinical study of serum hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and syndecan-1, which were proteins shed from luminal surface in dengue patients, revealed increased levels of serum hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate in dengue patients compared to non-dengue patients, while no difference was observed between patients with DF and DHF [64].