MELK and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Of those 33 MELK-cancer publications, 20 articles describe studies indicating that MELK expression is up-regulated (mostly based on RNA levels) in various human cancers, including ovarian, breast, NSCLC, SCLC, AML, prostate, pancreas, gastric, renal, astrocytoma, glioma, medulloblastoma, colorectal, liver, and rectal cancers (see column 2 in Table 1).