Extensive research has been carried out to demonstrate that the JNK pathway, and now more specifically the individual JNK isoforms themselves, play key roles in both cancer cell survival and cell death processes.21 The outcome of this signaling is determined by a number of variables including cell type,22 cell location,23 stimulant type,24 length of stimulation,25 and protein location.26 Due to the plethora of variables involved, characterization of the JNK pathway can be difficult as every model, cell type or technique can produce a different result. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is cancer.