Following 1 year of CCI, usage of all diabetes medications combined (excluding metformin) was reduced significantly (56.9 ± 3.1% to 29.7 ± 3.0%, P < 1.0 × 10−16) through decreased prescriptions for DPP-4 (9.9–6.3%, P = 0.11), insulin (29.8–16.7%, P = 4.3 × 10−9), SGLT-2 inhibitors (10.3–0.9%, P = 9 × 10−7), sulfonylureas (23.7–0%, P < 1.0 × 10−16), and thiazolidinediones (1.5–0.4%, P = 0.23) (Fig. 3). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.