After adjusting for smoking, drinking, BMI, lipoproteins (total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides), age, area (Taichung city and Yunlin county), betel nut chewing, disease history (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, stroke, heart and kidney disease), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, blood glucose, creatinine, ALT and eGFR, there was a duration-response association between exercise and HDL-c (P for the trend <0.0001) in both males and females (Tables 3 and 4). This evidence concerns the gene GPT and hyperlipidemia.