HOTAIR-induced hypermethylation of CpG islands in PTEN promoter, a tumor suppressor, leads to a sharp decrease of PTEN expression in Hep-2 cells, indicating that HOTAIR might play an oncogenic role in LSCC progression through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway induced by PTEN methylation [174, 176]. The gene discussed is HOTAIR; the disease is neoplasm.