HOTAIR can facilitate NPC tumorigenesis by functioning as an angiogenic inducer and promoting cell proliferation through direct and indirect signaling pathways: activating vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) transcription by directly targeting its promoter, or up-regulating VEGFA and Ang2 by increasing glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression [65]. This evidence concerns the gene HOTAIR and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.