Given that most NSCLC, including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are treated similarly even though the tumors are histologically different, the relevance of the miR-195/survivin axis in lung adenocarcinoma could provide a new mechanism for differentiating lung adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma and for developing treatments specific for the former. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and lung adenocarcinoma.