Osteopontin (OPN) is a chemokine-like phosphorylated glycoprotein, remaining intracellular or secreted, which is frequently upregulated in numerous human cancers and plays a pivotal role in proliferation, stemness, inflammatory response, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis8–11. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and cancer.