Inhibition of the MEK/MAPK1 pathway by U0126, an inhibitor for MEK/MAPK1 signaling, or overexpression of β-Catenin S675A (serine to alanine) could block the activation of Wnt signaling and promotion of growth and metastasis of ICC cells induced by OPN. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.