Furthermore, using an in vivo tumorigenicity assay, we found that both tumor weight (Fig. 1k, upper panel) and volume (Fig. 1k, lower panel) in mice with HSP60 KD cells were significantly lower compared with control Panc-1 cells, whereas rescued expression of HSP60 in HSP60 KD cells increased tumor formation (Fig. 1k). Here, HSPD1 is linked to neoplasm.