IL1B and neoplasm: Specifically, by using a therapeutic approach that combined a TLR agonist with a proteasome inhibitor, we found that (i) proteasome inhibitors regulate pro-IL-1β synthesis, degradation and maturation; (ii) unlike IL-1β maturation, cell death occurs in both caspase-dependent and independent manners and (iii) combination therapy inhibited tumour growth in vivo.