Densitometric analysis of these immunoblots showed that duodenal biopsies from EE patients expressed SMAD7 more highly (mean±SD level of 1.13±0.25 a.u.)than healthy controls (0.47±0.20 a.u., p-value = 0.03;Fig 3B). The gene discussed is SMAD7; the disease is ethylmalonic encephalopathy.