Heparanase is produced by various leukocytes and has also been shown to be expressed by endothelial cells and/or susceptible tissues in acute and chronic inflammatory disease models, e.g., acute pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, glomerulonephritis [36–38], as well as in diabetes-related complications e.g., nephropathy and retinopathy [39–41]. Here, HPSE is linked to diabetes mellitus.