In contrast, 50 mg/kg of adenine daily for 28 days showed severe renal dysfunction (plasma creatinine 1.9 ± 0.10 mg/dL) and anemia (hematocrit 36.5 ± 1.0% and EPO 28 ± 2.4 pg/mL) as compared with vehicle-treated mice (0.4 ± 0.02 mg/dL, 49.6 ± 1.6% and 61 ± 4.0 pg/mL, respectively). The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is anemia.