A new strategy under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity is to mimic some of the effects of bariatric surgery by delivering food-related stimuli to the distal gastrointestinal tract where they should enhance the release of gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptideYY (PYY). This evidence concerns the gene GLP1R and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.