We therefore performed literature searches in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Scielo using the following terms alone, in combination or as part of Boolean operators: “Liver transplant,” “hepatic transplant,” “transplantation,” “liver graft,” “calcineurin inhibitors,” “tacrolimus,” “cyclosporine,” “steroids,” “rejection,” “diabetes,” “diabetes mellitus,” “hyperglycemia,” “diabetes treatment,” “antidiabetic” and “insulin.” We also consulted the references of prior reviews, consensus reports and meta-analyses on post-transplant DM. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.