The induction of CNS expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1 has been shown in animal models of acute brain injury (40–43), Alzheimer’s disease (44, 45), Parkinson’s disease (25), CNS autoimmunity (46), anxiety disorder (47–50), major depression (51–53), and autism (54). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Parkinson disease.