LEP and colorectal carcinoma: Furthermore, differences in the microenvironment, especially the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly released by immune cells (e.g. neutrophils and M1 macrophages), pro-inflammatory adipocytokines (e.g. leptin, visfatin) and fatty acids secreted by adipocytes accelerate adenoma carcinoma transition and can significantly promote migration and invasion of CRC cells via induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition [35–38].