We thus performed a multi-plex cytokine assay to measure the levels of 10 cytokines, including interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, KC/GRO, IL-10, IL-12p70, and TNF-α in LDRG and serum samples of both CF and HF mice after the development of pain behaviors at 16 wk of age [50]. Here, IL4 is linked to cystic fibrosis.