At 2–6 h post infection, S. epidermidis nosocomial strain 1457 was demonstrated to induce a rapid production of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70 and IL-10, as well as chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), CCL2 and CXCL1 [86,87]. Here, IL6 is linked to infection.