INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: However, SFDR analysis suggests that the proportion of type 1 diabetes loci associated with C-peptide is greater than for the rest of the genome; four out of 70 type 1 diabetes loci (HLA-A*24, IL27, INS and PTPN2) that were nominally associated with lower C-peptide levels ranked higher than rs61211515, the top associated SNP in the stimulated C-peptide meta-GWAS.