There are numerous NLRs that have been recently identified to affect inflammatory responses in other disease models [e.g., NLRP1, NLRP6, NLRC3, and NLRP4 (163, 199)] and we believe that it is only a matter of time until we come to fully appreciate the roles of these proteins in MS. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP4 and myeloid sarcoma.