Similarly, siRNA knock down of the key regulatory proteins in CoQ biosynthesis that were down-regulated in insulin-resistant mouse and human adipose tissue (Coq7 or Coq9) (Figure 5—figure supplement 1C–D) lowered mitochondrial CoQ9 (Figure 5D) and triggered insulin resistance (Figure 5E–5F, Figure 5—figure supplement 1E). Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.