Although the PROLOGUE trial, a study to evaluate whether DPP-4 inhibitors affect atherosclerosis, did not show an additional effect of sitagliptin on the progression of carotid IMT [32], several studies demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors more potently inhibited the progression of carotid IMT than conventional treatment in patients with T2DM [21, 22, 30]. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.