Co-transplantation of adipose tissue-derived insulin-secreting MSCs (AD-IS-MSCs) that generated ex vivo with BM-HSCs into insulin-dependent diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) patients is a safe and efficient treatment choice for IDDM, and autologous co-infusion show a supported effect of the decreased need to exogenous insulin and therefore better long-term control of hyperglycemia compared with allogeneic co-infusion.112 Researchers in 2015 reported that co-transplantation of mouse AD-MSCs with HSCs, improve HSCs engraftment in an autologous mouse model. Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.