Ten studies studied TNF‐α SNPs, with four of them focusing on HCC (with 871 patients) and the same TNF‐α SNP (rs1800629), and all found a similar significant association, despite using a mixture of various control groups,30, 46, 47, 48 with one study (Jeng et al) using healthy controls. Here, TNF is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.