Similar results were observed with pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 where both oncolytic Ads, replicating under the control of AFP-specific promoters (a2bm-d19 and Ha2bm-d19), induced a significantly lower expression of IL-6 than did d19, suggesting that HCC-specific replication of oncolytic Ads may attenuate induction of the innate immune response against Ad (Fig. 4G; P < 0.001 versus d19). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.