With respect to the first approach, delivery of control VLPs or tk-VLPs as an intracranially implanted mixture with tumor cells in combination with GCV treatment, one tk-VLP–implanted mouse survived to day 70 in good health and without detectable tumor iRFP fluorescence in consecutive FMT scans, and the median survival for this group was longer than that of mice treated by intratumoral injections. This evidence concerns the gene TKT and neoplasm.