TGFB1 and glioblastoma: HIF-1α and TGF-β1 promotes cell invasion and migration by inducing autophagy33,34 and let-7 activates radial migration of new-born neurons by enhancing autophagy35, whereas metformin enhances the autophagy levels and thus inhibits the migration of endothelial progenitor cells36 and autophagy induction impairs migration and invasion in glioblastoma cells56.