The reduction of ROS levels is likely due to (i) HDL protein and lipid components that, acting at cell surface or within the cells, are able to directly turn off the oxidative cascade, or (ii) HDL-mediated inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes as NADPH oxidases, whose key role in ROS generation was recently shown in PCa cells22. The gene discussed is FMO5; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.