KEAP1 and multiple sclerosis: At present, one of the most successful drugs for treating multiple sclerosis is DMF, an electrophilic oral drug noted for its ability to a) inhibit pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling by alkylation of Cys38 in the p65 subunit21 and b) activate Nrf2-dependent gene expression by alkylating the Cys151 of the Keap1 regulator for Nrf2 signaling22.