TIMP1 and breast cancer: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) correlates with tumor progression [1–5], and elevated levels of TIMP-1 in tumor tissue and in peripheral blood are associated with poor clinical outcome in numerous malignancies, including colorectal cancer [1, 2, 6, 7], breast cancer [3, 5], gastric cancer [8, 9], non-small cell lung cancer [10], and esophageal cancer [4].