In addition to the tumor cells, ~40% of the ovarian cancer ascites microenvironment consists of a variety of other cell types including stromal cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, as well as non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, remodeling enzymes (e.g., metzincins), metzincin inhibitors [e.g., TIMPs and reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) and growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)] [29]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is ovarian cancer.