In fact, as early as after 3 h of in vitro treatment pterygium-derived keratinocytes incubated even with a low concentration (1.3%) of the total extract of Curcuma longa are able to undergo apoptotic cell death as shown with light microscopy, TUNEL assay, and Annexin-V/PI staining in flow cytometry. This evidence concerns the gene ANXA5 and pterygium.