Growth factors such as G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), known to recruit hematopoietic stem cells, have been considered for use in stroke therapy based on the rationale that they possess such beneficial properties in the acute phase of stroke such as the inhibition of glutamate secretion, reduction of inflammation, and antiapoptotic and antiedema effects, as well as proangiogenesis and neurogenesis properties in the chronic phase [32]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is Stroke.