At the same time, these two cell types can secrete cytokine IL-6 to promote tumor growth, while STAT3 and NF-κB expressed in them may be activated by IL-6 and TNF-a in TME and then released to extracellular space; the activated STAT3 and NF-κB pathways can not only promote tumor growth but also facilitate MDSC proliferation and activation. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.