CXCL12 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): In a murine astrocytoma model, it could further be shown that the secretion of the stroma-derived factor (SDF)-1 (alternative name: CXC motif chemokine (CXCL)12) by glioma cells specifically promotes the intratumoral accumulation of GAMs in normoxic rather than hypoxic tumor areas [96].