BRCA1 and Fanconi anemia: A very interesting observation was that the homologous recombination pathway was altered in 51% of cases: 20% of cases had germline or somatic mutations in BRCA 1–2, 11% lost BRCA1 expression through DNA hypermethylation (this methylation abnormality is mutually exclusive of BRCA1 mutations), 8% had amplification of EMSY, focal deletion or mutation of PTEN, 3% hypermethylation of RAD51C, 2% mutation of ATM or ATR, and 5% mutation of Fanconi anemia genes [6].