TNF and Insulin resistance: 2003; Gregor and Hotamisligil 2011). Indeed, this process is linked to systemic insulin resistance in obese humans and in animal models (Weisberg et al. 2003; Lumeng et al. 2007). Some cytokines such as chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), an important marker of macrophage infiltration, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor – alpha (TNF‐α) are strongly related to insulin resistance (Weisberg et al. 2003; Gregor and Hotamisligil 2011; O'Rourke et al. 2012).