As shown in Figure 3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) all demonstrated increased levels both in dense breast tissue and in breast cancer whereas no difference of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels were found in either tissue. This evidence concerns the gene TGFA and breast carcinoma.