Cancer cells express PD-L1, a PD-1 ligand that upon binding to PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) leads to impairment of antitumor responses through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of T-cell activation and proliferation (352, 353) and increase in T-cell apoptosis (349, 354). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.